Risk factors of shoulder capsulitis

Abstract

Purpose: Shoulder capsulitis is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems seen with an incidence of 3–5% in the general population and up to 20% in those with diabetes. Approximately 2-3% of adults aged between 40 and 70 years develop shoulder capsulitis with a greater occurrence in women. It is commonly associated with systemic and non-systemic conditions. Objectives: To identify possible risk factors (specific and nonspecific) associated with Shoulder Capsulitis. Methodology: A unmatched case-control was conducted in outdoor physiotherapy department of center for the rehabilitation of the paralyzed. A total 50 patients, 25 cases with shoulder capsulitis and 25 controls without shoulder capsulitis, were interviewed for identifying possible risk factors of shoulder capsulitis. A structured questionnaire was introduced to all individuals to identify the possible exposure to the risk factor. Odds ratio was calculated as a mode of association between disease and exposure. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 50 years with a standard deviation of 6. A total 68% respondent was male. 28% of the cases were female whereas 36% of the controls were female. Majority of the respondent (90%) were Muslims. A total 62% of the respondents have at least Secondary education. The average monthly income of the respondent was 20,000 taka. Risk factor of shoulder capsulitis include Male Sex (OR=1.45, 95% CI = 0.44-4.78), repeated movement of affected shoulder (OR= 1.91, 95% CI = 0.62-5.88), Diabetes (OR= 3.17, 95% CI = 0.94-10.07), Cardiovascular disease (OR= 1.63, 95% CI = 0.53- 4.98), Pulmonary diseases (OR= 1.31, 95% CI = 0.31-5.59), injury to the affected shoulder ( OR=1.39 95% CI = 0.28 -7.002) immobility to the affected shoulder (OR= 1.75, 95% CI = 0.37-8.3). Overhead activity of shoulder was found to be protective (OR= 0.62, 95% CI= 0.20-1.89). Conclusion: Individuals should aware of avoidance of repeated shoulder activity in occupation, performing certain amount of overhead activity, control of blood sugar level, blood pressure, avoid smoking and avoid complete immobility of the shoulder due to injury or other causes etc.