Level of Discrimination and Stigma for Individuals with Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Stud

Abstract

Background: Mental illness is a critical global health issue, with stigma and discrimination significantly impacting those affected. Individuals with mental health disorders often face societal exclusion, which exacerbates their conditions and hinders recovery. In Bangladesh, despite improvements in mental health awareness, stigma and discrimination remain prevalent, adversely affecting mental health treatment and social integration. Aim: To find out the level of discrimination and stigma experienced by individuals with mental illness and its impact on their social, emotional, and psychological well-being. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with 140 participants diagnosed with mental illnesses. Discrimination and Stigma Scale-12 was used to collect data among individual with mental illness. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 20 version for descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The study focused on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and assessed the levels of discrimination and stigma experienced. The majority of participants were aged between 18 and 31 years (61.4%) and resided in rural areas (55.7%). The most common diagnoses were schizophrenia (40.7%) and bipolar disorder (25.7%). The data revealed significant levels of discrimination across various life domains, including work, housing, and social participation. Moreover, perceived and anticipated discrimination were prominent issues, with a notable association between higher educational levels and increased reported stigma. The study further indicated that individuals with mental illness faced both public stigma and self-stigma, which affected their emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Conclusion: The findings underscore the persistent challenge of stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental illness in Bangladesh. Despite treatment availability, individuals continue to encounter social exclusion, which exacerbates their conditions and hinders recovery. This study highlights the urgent need for policy reforms and targeted interventions to address the stigma associated with mental illness. Occupational therapy practices, in particular, must integrate strategies to reduce stigma, promote inclusion, and improve the quality of life for individuals with mental disorders. Keywords: Mental Health, Mental Illness, Stigma, Discrimination, Occupational Therapy.