Lived Experience of Divorce and Separation among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Divorce or separation is a significant life event that can profoundly affect an individual’s emotional, social, and family life. For individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) marital breakdown may have more complex consequences due to physical dependence, changes in self-identity, and reduced opportunities for social participation. Literature findings shows that individuals with SCI experience higher rates of marital instability compared to the general population. In Bangladesh, individuals with SCI who experience divorce or separation often face stigma, emotional distress, and limited support from their communities. Despite these challenges, there is a lack of research exploring their lived experiences, particularly within the Bangladeshi context. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have undergone divorce or separation. Methods: As a methodological framework this study followed the phenomenological approach of qualitative research design. Eleven participants with SCI including six females and five males were recruited through purposive sampling from an inpatient rehabilitation unit and community settings. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 18 years or older, a medical diagnosis of SCI, experience of divorce or separation after injury, and at least three months of community living after divorce or separation. Data were collected through face-to-face semi structured interviews using a self-developed interview guide. All interviews were conducted with informed consent and assurance of confidentiality. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework. Results: Thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) emotional and psychological strain, (2) dual nature of family responses, (3) complex realities of social participation, and (4) coping strategies and support systems. The first theme captured participants’ experiences of intense sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and disruption of personal identity. Participants who were parents also reported stress related to childcare. The second theme reflected contrasting family responses, some participants received emotional support while others faced blame, criticism, and judgment after marital breakdown. The third theme highlighted varied patterns of social participation. Women seem to withdraw from social activities due to fear of stigma and judgment while most men remained socially active. Participants also reported mixed social attitudes and physical barriers in the community. The fourth theme emphasized coping through personal resilience, religious faith, and support from family, friends, and professionals. Some participants, particularly women who engaged in vocational training or work, described personal growth and increased independence, which helped them cope with the situation. Conclusion: This study highlights that rehabilitation for individuals with SCI experiencing divorce or separation should extend beyond physical recovery. Psychological recovery must also be addressed through mental health interventions. Family education and community awareness programs are needed to reduce stigma and promote supportive and accessible environments. Vocational rehabilitation and skill development are crucial particularly for women to enhance independence, confidence, and social participation. Additionally, long-term follow-up and targeted support for financially vulnerable individuals are essential to ensure comprehensive and holistic support. Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, Divorce, Separation, Lived Experience