Status of Social Support among Patients with Bipolar Mood Disorder: A Quantitative Study

Abstract

Background: Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression, which significantly affect an Person’s daily functioning, social participation, and overall wellbeing. Social support from family, friends, and spouses plays a vital role in helping patients cope with the challenges of the disorder and maintain mental health. In Bangladesh, research on social support among patients with BMD is limited. Stigma, discrimination, and lack of social support often exacerbate the difficulties faced by these individuals, restricting their engagement in social, occupational, and community activities. Understanding the level and sources of social support is essential for developing culturally appropriate interventions that enhance social participation and improve mental health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of social support among patients with Bipolar Mood Disorder and to identify key gaps in support from family, friends, and spouses, as well as the impact of stigma and loneliness on social participation. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 106 patients diagnosed with BMD at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), which measures. Results: The findings showed that 6.6%(7) of participants experienced low social support, 59.4% (63) had moderate support, and 33.96% (36 ) reported high support. Family support was the highest, followed by support from friends and spouses. However, stigma, loneliness, and limited peer and spousal support were identified as key gaps affecting social participation and overall wellbeing. These findings suggest that while family provides strong support, additional interventions targeting peer and spousal support, as well as stigma reduction, are necessary to improve social inclusion and quality of life among patients with BMD. Conclusion: The study shows that the critical role of social support in the lives of patients with Bipolar Mood Disorder. Despite moderate to high levels of family support, gaps in peer and spousal support, combined with stigma and loneliness, continue to limit social participation. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, including peer-led support groups, family counseling, and community based programs, to enhance social support, reduce stigma, and improve overall quality of life for individuals living with BMD in Bangladesh Keywords: Bipolar Mood Disorder, Social Support, Family Support, Friends Support, Spousal Support, Mental Health, Psychosocial Factors.