Association Between Sleep Quality and Functional Status among Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Sleep quality and functional decline are common challenges faced by older adults, significantly impacting their quality of life. Understanding the interplay between sleep quality and functional status is critical, particularly in settings like Bangladesh, where aging populations face unique social and environmental stressors. Aim: The study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and functional status among older adults in Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional analytical study design was employed with data collected from 103 older adults using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 to identify trends and associations. Results: The study assessed sleep quality and functional status among older adults in Bangladesh, comparing community-dwelling individuals with those living in old age homes. Among the 103 participants, 57.1% of community-dwelling elderly reported good sleep, compared to 33.3% of old age home residents. Logistic regression revealed that the community group had significantly higher odds of reporting good sleep (B = 0.981, 95% CI: 1.198–5.936, p = 0.016). Functional status differences were observed across domains, with community-dwelling participants performing better in BADLs and Mental Health, while old age home residents showed better results in Intermediate ADL. No statistically significant associations (p>0.05) were found between functional status and sleep quality. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the living environment plays a key role in the sleep quality of older adults in Bangladesh. Those residing in community settings experienced better sleep quality compared to individuals in old age homes, likely due xiii to factors like stronger social connections and more flexible routines. While no significant relationship was found between functional abilities and sleep quality, the differences between the two groups suggest that community living supports better sleep outcomes. Further research is necessary to explore additional factors, such as mental health, chronic diseases, and medications, which may influence both sleep quality and overall functionality in the elderly. Key Words: elderly, Physical functioning, sleep duration, sleep pattern, sleep quality.